Ancient Greece birthed Stoicism. Modern Europe gave rise to Existentialism. These philosophies offer distinct approaches to life’s big questions. But what sets them apart?
Stoics believe in a rational universe. They see virtue as the highest good. For them, wisdom, justice, courage, and self-control are key. Stoics aim to accept what they can’t change. They focus on controlling their reactions.
Existentialists reject universal meaning. They argue we create our own purpose. Jean-Paul Sartre famously said, “Existence precedes essence.” This means we define ourselves through choices. Existentialists emphasize individual freedom and responsibility.
Stoics seek inner peace through reason. They believe happiness comes from aligning with nature’s laws. Marcus Aurelius wrote, “You have power over your mind – not outside events.” This captures the Stoic emphasis on mental discipline.
Existentialists grapple with life’s absurdity. They often discuss anxiety and alienation. Albert Camus explored these themes in “The Stranger.” His character Meursault embodies detachment from societal norms.
Both philosophies deal with suffering. Stoics aim to endure hardship with grace. Epictetus taught, “It’s not what happens to you, but how you react that matters.” Existentialists see struggle as inherent to the human condition. They encourage facing it head-on.
Stoicism values emotional restraint. It teaches us to observe feelings without being ruled by them. Existentialism embraces the full range of human emotions. It sees passion as vital to authentic living.
Freedom plays different roles in each philosophy. Stoics find freedom in accepting fate. Existentialists see it as a fundamental aspect of being human. They believe we’re “condemned to be free.”
Ethics differ between the two schools. Stoics have clear moral guidelines based on virtue. Existentialists reject universal moral codes. They argue each person must create their own ethics.
Time perception varies as well. Stoics focus on the present moment. They avoid dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. Existentialists emphasize our finite existence. They urge us to live fully in the face of mortality.
These philosophies offer contrasting worldviews. Yet both provide tools for navigating life’s challenges. Many find value in combining aspects of each approach. The key is understanding their core principles and applying them thoughtfully.